Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Diseases

Author: Gianpiero Pescarmona
Date: 16/11/2017

Description

DEFINITION

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis /EGPA; also known as Churg-Strauss syndrome/CSS or allergic granulomatosis is an extremely rare autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels (vasculitis) in persons with a history of airway allergic hypersensitivity (atopy).

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EPIDEMIOLOGY

age, sex, seasonality, etc

SYMPTOMS

DIAGNOSIS

histopathology
radiology
NMR
laboratory tests

PATHOGENESIS

Eosinophils

PATIENT RISK FACTORS

Vascular

Genetic

Acquired

Hormonal

Vitamin D-deficiency induces eosinophil spontaneous activation. 2017

  • Abstract
    Eosinophils (Eo) play a critical role in immunity and immune inflammation. The maintenance of Eo homeostasis is not fully understood yet. Vitamin D (VitD) is involved in the regulation of a large number of biochemical reactions. This study tests a hypothesis that VitD receptor (VDR) contributes to the homeostasis of Eos. In this study, EoL-1 cells (an Eo cell line) were cultured in the presence or absence of calcitriol. The Eo-mediators, including major basic protein (MBP), Eo peroxidase (EPX), Eo cationic protein (ECP) and Eo-derived neurotoxin (EDN), were assessed in the culture supernatant and in EoL-1 cells. We observed that, in a VitD deficient environment, EoL-1 cells produced high levels of the Eo-mediators, including MBP, EPX, ECP and EDN, which could be suppressed by the addition of calcitriol to the culture. EoL-1 cells expressed VitD receptor (VDR), which was up regulated by exposure to calcitriol. VDR formed complexes with the transcription factors of the Eo-mediators, which prevented the transcription factors to bind to the promoters of the Eo-mediators, and therefore prevented the Eo-mediated gene transcription. The Eo spontaneous activation was also found in the intestinal mucosa of VDR-deficient mice, in which the intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction was observed. In conclusion, VDR contributes to the maintenance of the homeostasis of Eos by regulating the gene transcription of the Eo mediators. The VDR-deficiency is one of the causative factors inducing Eo spontaneous activation. This phenomenon may be taken into account in the management of the Eo-related diseases.

Genetic

Acquired

TISSUE SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS

anatomical (due its structure)

vascular (due to the local circulation)

physiopathological (due to tissue function and activity)

COMPLICATIONS

THERAPY

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