Come viene usata l'energia
La macchina per produrre energia

Ions asimmetry

.

Energetic Requirements for Ions asimmetry

.
ATP driven pumps

It is Na asimmetry driven by ATP powered pump?

.

Intracellular Protons Gradients

Acid Vesicles

Protons (H+) driven Reactions

NAD+/NADH + H+

more...

Sodium driven reactions

Clinical Applications

Post-herpetic Pain

Diabetes: insulin and ....

more details....

Regulation of the sodium/sulfate co-transporter by farnesoid X receptor alpha. 2007