DEFINITION
The disease definition according to a specific consensus conference or to The Diseases Database based on the Unified Medical Language System (NLM)
Also the link to the corresponding Mesh term has to be created
DESCRIPTION
Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) which results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production.This is often due to deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid. Megaloblastic anemia not due to hypovitaminosis but may be caused by antimetabolites which poison DNA production, such as some chemotherapeutic or antimicrobial agents (for example azathioprine or trimethoprim).
It is characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow, and also by hypersegmented or multisegmented neutrophils
Frequency of megaloblastosis is highest in countries in which malnutrition is rampant and routine vitamin supplementation for elderly individuals and pregnant women is not available.
SYMPTOMS
- Abnormal paleness or lack of color of the skin
- Decreased appetite
- Irritability
- Lack of energy or tiring easily (fatigue)
- Diarrhea
- Difficulty walking
- Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
- Smooth and tender tongue
- Weak muscles
DIAGNOSIS
Schilling test
Laboratory studies
PATHOGENESIS
- Not genetic causes depletion
- Impaired absorption
- Tropical sprue
- Other intestinal disorders
- Increased turnover or requirements
COMPLICATIONS
Neurological complication:
Subacute combined degenaration of spinal cord1
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord2
