Growth Hormone
Genetic Anomalies of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Pediatrics, 2021
pheromones+and+growth+hormone
Central dopamine D2 receptors regulate growth-hormone-dependent body growth and pheromone signaling to conspecific males. 2013
Competition between adult males for limited resources such as food and receptive females is shaped by the male pattern of pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion that determines body size and the production of urinary pheromones involved in male-to-male aggression.
Growth Hormone Pulses and Liver Gene Expression are Differentially Regulated by the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1. 2021
In this study, we found that loss of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 causes disruptions throughout the growth hormone (GH) axis, from hepatic gene expression to production of urinary pheromones and pheromone-dependent behavior.
Age dependence of serum GH
Pulsatile GH release
Growth and GH
LH pulsatile secretion
Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Hepatic Isoforms of Human Cytochrome P450 by Growth Hormone 2005
Role of exercise on GH pulsatile release 1997
Metabolic relationships
A functional common polymorphism in the Vitamin D-Responsive Element of the GH1 promoter contributes to Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency. 2007
Our results, both from the association analysis and from functional experiments, point to a
primary involvement of the -57T sequence in the VDRE for the low GH production of the IGHD patients.
Actually, the substitution by site specific mutagenesis of the T with a G at position -57
on the hp#1 context completely abolished the vitamin D induced inhibitory response of this
haplotype (Fig. 2). The functional relevance of the –57 sequence was also indicated by
EMSA (Fig. 3) showing that the T and the G alleles had a different protein binding affinity.
Since the associated allele has a high binding affinity for the vitamin D receptor and VDR is expressed in GH producing pituitary cells [35], the gene encoding the VDR is an obvious further candidate.
P=. 
Seoane S, Alonso M, Segura C, Perez-Fernandez R 2002 Localization of a negative
vitamin D response sequence in the human growth hormone gene. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun 292: 250-255.
The synergistic regulation of the rat GH gene
involves protein-DNA interactions, as well as physical
association between nuclear receptors (RAR, RXR, and
TR) and GHF-1/Pit-1. Thus, it has been shown that
vitamin D interferes with growth hormone gene expression
induced by T3 and retinoic acid in the rat
GH4C1 pituitary cell line, probably through interference
by VDR with the binding of the thyroid receptor or
RA receptor to a common hormone response element
(13). This repressive role of VDR is also observed in the
retinoic acid-dependent activation of the retinoic acid
receptor-2 promoter (30). In our case, the VDRE located
on the hGH promoter is only 3-bp downstream of
the Pit-1 proximal site. For this reason, it is tempting
to speculate that VDR binding to the hGH gene may
also interfere with the binding of Pit-1 to its GH response
element. This hypothesis is supported by the
fact that MCF-7 cells express the Pit-1 transcription
factor, as has recently been demonstrated by our group
(15).
In conclusion, our results indicate that vitamin D
inhibits human GH gene transcription in the MCF-7
strain of human breast adenocarcinoma cells. The
1,25(OH)2 D3 responsive region in the hGH gene is
located between 62 and 29 bp upstream of the transcription
start site. This region overlaps with the
TATA box and is situated near the Pit-1 proximal
response element site. Although our data do not demonstrate
that the vitamin D receptor interferes with
transcriptional factors to inhibit induction of transcription
induction, this hypothesis should not be excluded.
Colnot S, Lambert M, Blin C, Thomasset M and Perret C 1995 Identification of DNA
sequences that bind retinoid X receptor-1,25 (OH)2D3-receptor heterodimers with high
affinity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 113: 85-98.
Shaffer PL, Gewirth DT 2002 Structural basis of VDR-DNA interactions on direct repeat
response elements. EMBO J 21: 2242-2252
Perez-Fernandez R, Alonso M, Segura C, Munoz I, Garcia-Caballero T, Diguez C 1997
Vitamin D receptor gene expression in human pituitary gland. Life Sci.60: 35-42.
Vitamin D interferes with transactivation of the growth hormone gene by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid. 1996
Genes under VDRE control
Large-scale in silico and microarray-based identification of direct 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 target genes. 2005
growth hormone releasing hormone preproprotein
vascular endothelial growth factor B
placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein
growth hormone inducible transmembrane protein
growth hormone releasing hormone receptor
growth hormone receptor
growth hormone 1 isoform 1-6
Linear growth in relation to the circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in children with nutritional rickets before and after treatment: endocrine adaptation to vitamin D deficiency. 2008
h3.GH. IGF-I and Vitamin D
The lower plasma 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations could be explained by the higher plasma GH and IGF-I concentrations in the large- vs. small-breed dogs, and these hormones are known to suppress 24-hydroxylation.(from Vitamin D3 metabolism in dogs 2002)
Assessment of endocrine and nutritional status in age-related catabolic states of muscle and bone. 2007
Inverse correlation between serum free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels and blood pressure in patients affected with type 1 diabetes. 2006
Decreased fractional urinary calcium excretion and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and IGF-I levels in preeclampsia. 2007
GH loss with urine
Studies on the renal kinetics of growth hormone (GH) and on the GH receptor and related effects in animals. 1997
Urinary growth hormone measurements in children with renal insufficiency. 1995
GH effect on tubular functions
On the mechanism of growth hormone-induced stimulation of renal acidification in humans: effect of dietary NaCl. 2000
Metabolic bone disease associated with systemic disorders. 1991
Control of cell growth and differentiation
Papers corticosteroid therapy acromegaly
