Immunohistology of Metastatic Carcinomas of Unknown Primary
Rohit Bhargava, David J. Dabbs, in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry (Third Edition), 2011
The CD57 antigen of a human T-cell line generated a monoclonal antibody (HNK-1). The differentiation antigen of the T-cell line indicates a natural killer cell activity .279 The CD57 antibody also recognizes antigen of myelin-associated glycoprotein in the myelin of the central and peripheral nervous systems. CD57 reactivity has also been found in enterochromaffin cells, pancreatic islet cells, islet cell tumors, carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, and small cell carcinoma of the lung.280-283 CD57 lacks the high sensitivity and specificity of chromogranin and synaptophysin and therefore should be used as part of a panel that includes these antibodies.
Functional Significance of CD57 Expression on Human NK Cells and Relevance to Disease, 2013
Historically, human NK cells have been identified as CD3−CD56+CD16± lymphocytes. More recently it has been established that CD57 expression defines functionally discrete sub-populations of NK cells. On T cells, CD57 expression has been regarded as a marker of terminal differentiation and (perhaps wrongly) of anergy and senescence. Similarly, CD57 expression seems to identify the final stages of peripheral NK cell maturation; its expression increases with age and is associated with chronic infections, particularly human cytomegalovirus infection. However, CD57+ NK cells are highly cytotoxic and their presence seems to be beneficial in a number of non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this article is to review our current understanding of CD57 expression as a marker of NK cell function and disease prognosis, as well as to outline areas for further research.
B3GAT1
3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (B3GAT1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GAT1 gene, whose enzymatic activity creates the CD57 epitope on other cell surface proteins. In immunology, the CD57 antigen (CD stands for cluster of differentiation) is also known as HNK1 (human natural killer-1) or LEU7. It is expressed as a carbohydrate epitope that contains a sulfoglucuronyl residue in several adhesion molecules of the nervous system.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glucuronyltransferase gene family. These enzymes exhibit strict acceptor specificity, recognizing nonreducing terminal sugars and their anomeric linkages. This gene product functions as the key enzyme in a glucuronyl transfer reaction during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1, also known as CD57 and LEU7). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized.
Uniprot B3GAT1
Involved in the biosynthesis of L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on glycoproteins. Can also play a role in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Substrates include asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR), asialo-fetuin, and asialo-neural cell adhesion molecule. Requires sphingomyelin for activity: stearoyl-sphingomyelin was the most effective, followed by palmitoyl-sphingomyelin and lignoceroyl-sphingomyelin. Activity was demonstrated only for sphingomyelin with a saturated fatty acid and not for that with an unsaturated fatty acid, regardless of the length of the acyl group.
CD29
Isoform 5
Isoform 5 displaces isoform 1 in striated muscles.By Similarity
(Microbial infection) Integrin ITGA2:ITGB1 acts as a receptor for Human echoviruses 1 and 8.1 Publication
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Cytomegalovirus/HHV-5.1 Publication
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus/HHV-4.1 Publication
(Microbial infection) Integrin ITGA5:ITGB1 acts as a receptor for Human parvovirus B19.1 Publication
(Microbial infection) Integrin ITGA2:ITGB1 acts as a receptor for Human rotavirus.1 Publication
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Mammalian reovirus.1 Publication
(Microbial infection) In case of HIV-1 infection, integrin ITGA5:ITGB1 binding to extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.1 Publication
(Microbial infection) Interacts with CotH proteins expressed by fungi of the order mucorales, the causative agent of mucormycosis, which plays an important role in epithelial cell invasion by the fungi (PubMed:32487760).
Integrin ITGA3:ITGB1 may act as a receptor for R.delemar CotH7 in alveolar epithelial cells, which may be an early step in pulmonary mucormycosis disease progression (PubMed:32487760).1 Publication
(Microbial infection) May serve as a receptor for adhesin A (nadA) of N.meningitidis.1 Publication
Protein Aminoacids Percentage (Width 700 px)
