Interferons (IFNs)
Cytokines

Author: Lidia Avalle
Date: 05/02/2009

Description

DEFINITION

A short protein description with the molecular wheight, isoforms, etc...
Use, when available, the link to Wikipedia (Es Trypsin)

External links not available on Wikipedia have to be added here

THE GENE

DatabaseLink
WikigenesIFNG
GeneCards"URL":
Your Favorite Gene Sigma"URL":

Wikigenes includes links to

  • NCBI Gene
  • NCBI SNP
  • iHOP resource
  • OMIM
  • SNPedia
  • UniProt
  • Ensembl
  • HGNC

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND IMAGES

When relevant for the function

  • Primary structure
  • Secondary structure
  • Tertiary structure
  • Quaternary structure


Protein Aminoacids Percentage
The Protein Aminoacids Percentage gives useful information on the local environment and the metabolic status of the cell (starvation, lack of essential AA, hypoxia)

Protein Aminoacids Percentage

SYNTHESIS AND TURNOVER

mRNA synthesis
protein synthesis

post-translational modifications
degradation

CELLULAR FUNCTIONS

cellular localization,
biological function

  • Enzymes
DatabaseLink
BRENDA - The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System"URL":
KEGG Pathways"URL":
Human Metabolome Database"URL":
  • Cell signaling and Ligand transport
  • Structural proteins

REGULATION

DIAGNOSTIC USE

Tryptophan forms the substrate for serotonin biosynthesis, but it can alternatively be catabolized to kynurenine (Kyn) by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the main inducer of which is interferon-gamma

Tryptophan catabolism in females with irritable bowel syndrome: relationship to interferon-gamma, severity of symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidity.2008

IFN signaling through STAT1 and STAT2

Stat1 and Stat2 were identified as mediators of IFN signaling, precisely Stat2 mediates IFN type I signaling, whereas Stat1 is involved in signaling by both type I and type II IFNs. IFNs activate anti-microbial function of phagocytes and regulate the function of several cells in innate and adaptive immunity, they also acts integrating response between this two types of immunity.

Type I IFNs include various IFN-α subtypes, a single IFN-β subtype, IFN-ω and IFN-τ while type II IFN is IFN-γ. The best characterized type I IFN-α and β can be produced by most cell types and during infection by immature dendritic cells. These IFNs bind to class II cytokine receptors composed of IFN-α receptor 1 and 2 chains and activate Stat1, Stat2 and Stat3. Activated Stat1 can form Stat1-Stat2 heterodimers and Stat1 homodimers, which acts as distinct transcription factor complexes, able to recruit DNA binding protein to the IFN-stimulated response element (IRSE) sequences, present on IFN-regulated genes.

 

The type II IFN , IFN-γ is made mainly by activated dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, Th1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Activation of IFN-γ receptor 1 and 2 leads to phosphorylation of Stat1 that bind as homodimer to γ-IFN-activated sequence (GAS) of IFN- responsive genes.

 

 

The phenotypes of Stat1 and Stat2 knockout mice, which present defects in both type I and II IFN immune response and are highly susceptible to microbial and viral infection, demonstrates that Stat1 and Stat2 play a critical role in mediating IFNs immune response.

Attachments
fileuserdate
IFNA1_IFNB1_IFNG.gifgp08/03/2011
IFNA1_IFNB1_IFNG_CHART1.gifgp08/03/2011
ifn.JPGLidia05/02/2009
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