DEFINITION
A short protein description with the molecular wheight, isoforms, etc...
Use, when available, the link to Wikipedia (Es Trypsin)
External links not available on Wikipedia have to be added here
THE GENE
Wikigenes includes links to
- NCBI Gene
- NCBI SNP
- iHOP resource
- OMIM
- SNPedia
- UniProt
- Ensembl
- HGNC
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND IMAGES
When relevant for the function
- Primary structure
- Secondary structure
- Tertiary structure
- Quaternary structure
Protein Aminoacids Percentage
The Protein Aminoacids Percentage gives useful information on the local environment and the metabolic status of the cell (starvation, lack of essential AA, hypoxia)
Protein Aminoacids Percentage
SYNTHESIS AND TURNOVER
mRNA synthesis
protein synthesis
post-translational modifications
degradation
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
cellular localization,
biological function
- Cell signaling and Ligand transport
- Structural proteins
REGULATION
DIAGNOSTIC USE
Tryptophan forms the substrate for serotonin biosynthesis, but it can alternatively be catabolized to kynurenine (Kyn) by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the main inducer of which is interferon-gamma
Tryptophan catabolism in females with irritable bowel syndrome: relationship to interferon-gamma, severity of symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidity.2008
IFN signaling through STAT1 and STAT2
Stat1 and Stat2 were identified as mediators of IFN signaling, precisely Stat2 mediates IFN type I signaling, whereas Stat1 is involved in signaling by both type I and type II IFNs. IFNs activate anti-microbial function of phagocytes and regulate the function of several cells in innate and adaptive immunity, they also acts integrating response between this two types of immunity.
Type I IFNs include various IFN-α subtypes, a single IFN-β subtype, IFN-ω and IFN-τ while type II IFN is IFN-γ. The best characterized type I IFN-α and β can be produced by most cell types and during infection by immature dendritic cells. These IFNs bind to class II cytokine receptors composed of IFN-α receptor 1 and 2 chains and activate Stat1, Stat2 and Stat3. Activated Stat1 can form Stat1-Stat2 heterodimers and Stat1 homodimers, which acts as distinct transcription factor complexes, able to recruit DNA binding protein to the IFN-stimulated response element (IRSE) sequences, present on IFN-regulated genes.
The type II IFN , IFN-γ is made mainly by activated dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, Th1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Activation of IFN-γ receptor 1 and 2 leads to phosphorylation of Stat1 that bind as homodimer to γ-IFN-activated sequence (GAS) of IFN- responsive genes.
The phenotypes of Stat1 and Stat2 knockout mice, which present defects in both type I and II IFN immune response and are highly susceptible to microbial and viral infection, demonstrates that Stat1 and Stat2 play a critical role in mediating IFNs immune response.
