Edema (American English), oedema or œdema (British English), is the increase of interstitial fluid in any organ, resulting in swelling or effusion (pleura, peritoneum, pericardium).
General causes:
Vessel increased permeability induced by VEGF, whose expression is regulated by:
- HIF alpha
- hypoxia
- iron deficiency
- vitamin C deficiency
- HIF beta
Regulation by prostaglandin E2 and histamine of angiogenesis in inflammatory granulation tissue. 2003
- These findings suggest that PGE2 and histamine augment angiogenesis in the inflammatory granulation tissue by inducing VEGF production, and histamine induces VEGF production possibly through the H2 receptor--cAMP--protein kinase A pathway.
Decreased plasma osmotic pressure (hypoalbuminemia)
- low proteins intake
- chronic infectious diseases
- albuminuria
Local risk factors:
- hands and feet
- joints
- internal ear
