Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Laboratory Tests

Author: Gianpiero Pescarmona
Date: 10/03/2011

Description

Basal metabolic rate, and the closely related resting metabolic rate (RMR), is the amount of daily energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post-absorptive state (meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which requires about twelve hours of fasting in humans).

Assesment by:

  • direct calorimetry
    measurement of heat actually produced by the organism which is confined in a sealed chamber or calorimeter.
  • indirect calorimetry
    estimation of the heat produced by means of the respiratory differences of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired air.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) or Resting energy expenditure (REE) is whole-body mammal (and other vertebrate) metabolism during a time period of strict and steady resting conditions that are defined by a combination of assumptions of physiological homeostasis and biological equilibrium. RMR differs from basal metabolic rate (BMR) because BMR measurements must meet total physiological equilibrium whereas RMR conditions of measurement can be altered and defined by the contextual limitations. Therefore, BMR is measured in the elusive "perfect" steady state, whereas RMR measurement is more accessible and thus, represents most, if not all measurements or estimates of daily energy expenditure.

Resting energy expenditure thyroid

UCP2 and Vitamin D

basal metabolic rate and copper

basal+metabolic+rate+and+zinc

basal+metabolic+rate+and+selenium

basal+metabolic+rate+and+coenzyme+Q10
basal+metabolic+rate+and+cold
basal+metabolic+rate+and+cystic+fibrosis
covid-19+and+cystic+fibrosis
BMR+and+diabetes
BMR+and+obesity
BMR+and+Cortisol
BMR+and+melatonin
BMR+and+leptin. Complex relationship

BMR and Aging

As energy production in living organisms mostly depends on oxidative metabolism, BMR may be assumed as a reliable measure of energy production.
As the decrease of the BMR is a common feature of aging and of the increased risk of diseases and death it is worthwhile to describe it in detail.

BMR is evaluated on 30 min timelapse, in resting state.

The actual daily metabolic rate depends on our physical activity and may vary largely on this base. (Basic info on BMR in different species)

Invited Review: Aging and energy balance, 2003 Fulltext

Renormalized basal metabolic rate describes the human aging process and longevity, 2019

  • Abstract
    The question of why we age and finally die has been a central subject in the life, medical, and health sciences. Many aging theories have proposed biomarkers that are related to aging. However, they do not have sufficient power to predict the aging process and longevity. We here propose a new biomarker of human aging based on the mass‐specific basal metabolic rate (msBMR). It is well known by the Harris–Benedict equation that the msBMR declines with age but varies among individual persons. We tried to renormalize the msBMR by primarily incorporating the body mass index into this equation. The renormalized msBMR (RmsBMR) which was derived in one cohort of American men (n = 25,425) was identified as one of the best biomarkers of aging, because it could well reproduce the observed respective American, Italian, and Japanese data on the mortality rate and survival curve. A recently observed plateau of the mortality rate in centenarians corresponded to the lowest value (threshold) of the RmsBMR, which stands for the final stage of human life. A universal decline of the RmsBMR with age was associated with the mitochondrial number decay, which was caused by a slight fluctuation of the dynamic fusion/fission system. This decay form was observed by the measurement in mice. Finally, the present approach explained the reason why the BMR in mammals is regulated by the empirical algometric scaling law.

How to increase BMR

BMR depends on oxidative metabolism that takes place in the mitochondrion.

Commercial proposals

HCG: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Comments
2020-12-06T16:28:34 - Gianpiero Pescarmona

Seasonal and Sexual Variation in Metabolism, Thermoregulation, and Hormones in the Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus). 2018)

In response to seasonal variation in energy availability and thermal environment, physiological and endocrine mechanisms have evolved in temperate zone animals. Seasonal changes in hormone activity affect metabolism, body temperature, and reproductive activity. We examined the seasonal regulatory role of hormones on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and regulatory nonshivering thermogenesis (RNST) in 98 female and 17 male adult Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). We measured BMR, RNST, and plasma levels of thyroid hormone (T3), leptin, and cortisol in bats captured in maternity colonies in eastern Massachusetts from May to August (from arousal from the hibernation phase to the prehibernation phase). We hypothesized that all three hormones are seasonally primarily metabolic hormones and secondarily thermogenic hormones. In males, only BMR significantly changed seasonally. In females, all five variables significantly changed seasonally. The seasonal pattern of plasma leptin and cortisol levels correlated with the seasonal pattern of BMR, with an initial increase followed by a decrease, suggesting that leptin and cortisol are primarily metabolic hormones. The seasonal pattern of plasma T3 levels generally paralleled the basic seasonal pattern of RNST, with both increasing at the second half of the season, suggesting that T3 is primarily a thermogenic hormone. The observed decrease in plasma leptin levels may be necessary to allow for the observed seasonal decrease in BMR, with the similar cortisol pattern important for leptin regulation. While T3 is needed to maintain BMR, it may play a more critical role in the seasonal regulation of RNST than of BMR.

Attachments
fileuserdate
BMR-vs-Age.jpggp06/12/2020
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