Amyloidosis defines a heterogeneous group of diseases of differents origin characterized by proteinaceous tissue deposits that show green birefringence in polarized light after Congo red staining.
This is an insoluble protein, protease resistant and β-sheet folding.
Type of amyloidosis:
1. Primary: it is not proceed by any particular pathology
2. Secondary: it is proceed by weaken Chronic inflammations
3. Associated to a multiple myeloma: on 15% of patients by this pathology affected.
The β-sheet folding explained by two differents hypothesis: mutation of the amino acidic sequence or wrong proteolytic cleavages.
Amyloid is made by:
- 90% of protein fibrils (characteristic of each disease)
- the remaining part is constituted by
- amyloid P component (glycoproteic)
- solforate GAGs.
There are many type of amyloidosis and this is due to the different proteins (at least 23) that may change their structure.

ATTR, Transthyretin, Aβ2M, AA
DIAGNOSIS
The amyloidosis diagnosis required the amyloid deposit identification, by specific staining, of a tissue sample. Normally is used the FNA of periumbilical fat.
THERAPY
The goals are:
1) The reduction of the amyloid precursor production;
2) The Inhibition of the amyloid fibrils synthesis and the extracellular deposition;
3) The enhanced mobilization of the existing amyloid deposition.
Created by: Laura SOLFIETTI, Letizia GRANIERI, Alessandra RUSSO