Tinnitus (acuphenes)
Diseases

DEFINITION

Tinnitus (from the Latin word tinnītus meaning "ringing") is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound.

Database	Link
The Diseases Database	Tinnitus
MedlinePlus	Tinnitus
Wikigenes	Tinnitus
GeneCards	Tinnitus

Tinnitus

EPIDEMIOLOGY

age, sex, seasonality, etc

SYMPTOMS

DIAGNOSIS

histopathology
radiology
NMR
laboratory tests

PATHOGENESIS

PATIENT RISK FACTORS

Vascular

Genetic

• Prothrobotic Factors
  • MTHFR Polymorphism

Acquired

• Vitamin B12, folate

Hormonal

Genetic

Acquired

Mechanical

Temporomandibular joint disfunction

tinnitus mandibular

Evaluation of pain regression in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction treated by intra-articular platelet-rich plasma injections: a preliminary report. 2014

the presence and intensity of spontaneous and palpation-induced pain within temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles, the range and symmetry of mandible motion, abduction trajectory, and the presence of acoustic symptoms within temporomandibular joints during all mandible movements and accompanying symptoms such as squeaking sounds and tinnitus in ears.

DRUGS SIDE EFFECT

inner+ear+melanin+tinnitus

inner+ear+melanin+calcium

Identifying tinnitus-related genes based on a side-effect network analysis. 2014

• Tinnitus, phantom sound perception, is a worldwide highly prevalent disorder for which no clear underlying pathology has been established and for which no approved drug is on the market. Thus, there is an urgent need for new approaches to understand this condition. We used a network pharmacology side-effect analysis to search for genes that are involved in tinnitus generation. We analyzed a network of 1,313 drug-target pairs, based on 275 compounds that elicit tinnitus as side effect and their targets reported in databases, and used a quantitative score to identify emergent significant targets that were more common than expected at random. Cyclooxigenase 1 and 2 were significant, which validates our approach, since salicylate is a known tinnitus generator. More importantly, we predict previously unknown tinnitus-related targets. The present results have important implications toward understanding tinnitus pathophysiology and might pave the way toward the design of novel pharmacotherapies.

Link to original figure

Aspirin

• The aspirin-treated subjects had significantly decreased uric acid levels (p = 0.006) and a significantly higher incidence of tinnitus (p = 0.04) compared with the flurbiprofen treatment groups. (Effects of flurbiprofen and aspirin on the gastric and duodenal mucosa. An endoscopic comparison. 1986)

• Central nervous system effects and tinnitus were reported by more patients in the aspirin group than in either of the pirprofen groups. A double-blind comparison of aspirin and pirprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 1980

Benzodiazepines

• Withdrawal from a benzodiazepine addiction may cause Tinnitus. (Riba, Michelle B.; Ravindranath, Divy (12 April 2010). Clinical manual of emergency psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. p. 197.)

Alcohol

Tinnitus alcoholism

TISSUE SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS

anatomical (due its structure)

vascular (due to the local circulation)

physiopathological (due to tissue function and activity)

COMPLICATIONS

THERAPY

H4. TONAKI TINNITUS PROTOCOL (nothing new)

Tonaki Tinnitus Protocol Video

Tonaki Tinnitus Protocol pdf

file	user	date
The_Tonaki_Tinnitus_Protocol_main_book_web_v8.pdf	gp	11/10/2018