ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with impairment of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The long-term consequences of diabetes include damage and dysfunction of several organs that can lead to progressive development of chronic specific complications like retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. People with diabetes are also at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
long standing hyperglycemia can also be associated with buccal alterations such as:
- periodontal disease
• alterations in salivary glands
• greater tendency to infections
• delayed healing of wounds
• tongue alterations
• halitosis
• white spots due to demineralization in the teeth
• caries
• lichen planus
• mucosa ulcerations
