Pathways List

Pathways:

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Acetyl-CoA
Acid Vesicles
- Autophagy
  - ATG1 (ULK1_HUMAN)
  - Autophagy (neuronal)
- CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator)
  - CIC family
- CLN3
- Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis
- Cubilin and Megalin
- Lysosomal Enzymes
- Lysosomes
- Melanosomes
- Membrane Serine Proteases
- Na+/H+ Antiport
- Phagosomes
- Proteins Secretion
- SNARE Proteins
- V-ATPase
- Vesicles Recycling and Cell Migration
- provatutto
Aminoacids Metabolism
- Aminoacids Transport
- Arginine
  - Polyamines
- Aspartate / Asparagine
- Carnitine
- Carnosine
- Choline
- Creatine
- Cysteine
  - Cystinuria
- Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- Glutamate / Glutamine
- Glycine
- Methionine
  - Homocysteine
- One-Carbon Units Metabolism
  - Methylation
- Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
  - Mono Amino Oxidase (MAO)
  - Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (PAH)
- Serine
- Taurine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Urea Cycle
Cancer Metabolism
- CD 133
- Metastasis
- Nutrients Supply
- Oncogene
  - Fumarate Hydratase
  - PHGDH (D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase)
- Warburg Effect
  - The Reverse Warburg Effect
Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Galactose Metabolism
- Glucose Metabolism
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Inositol Metabolism
  - GPI Anchor (GlycosylPhosphatidylInositol)
    - Decay Accelerating Factor
Cell Proliferation
- Angiogenesis
  - Angiopoietin 1
  - Angiostatin and Endostatin
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Differentiation
- In Vitro Cell Cultures
Circadian Rhythms
- A Time to Heal: Chrono-chemotherapy Tunes In to Body's Rhythms
- Clock Related Genes
Coagulation
- Coagulation Proteins Evolution
- Deficiency Of Factor V And Factor VIII
- Factor VIII
- Factor XII
- Factor XIIb
- Fibrinogen
- Fibrinolysis
  - PAI-1
- Haemophilia
- Protein C
- Protein S
- Prothrombin
  - prova3
- Thrombotic Genetic Risk Factors
  - Genetic Risk Factors
- Thrombotic events
  - Bacterial infection and cardiovascular disease
  - some statistics
- von Willebrand Factor
Cofactors
- ATP
  - new
- Biotin
- Coenzyme A
- Coenzyme Q10
  - DT-diaphorase
- Folic Acid, BH4 and Neopterin
- GTP
- Lipoic Acid
- NAD and NADP
  - NADH/NAD
    - Sirtuins
  - NADPH/NADP
- Pyridoxal phosphate (P5P)
  - P5P-dependent Enzymes
- Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
- Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)
- Vitamin K 1 and K2 as cofactors
Enzymes
- ALA synthase
- 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 5 alpha reductase
- 5-alpha-Reductase Deficiency
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
- Aminopeptidase A
- Amylase
- Aromatase it
- DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 (DPP4)
- MTHFR
- Prolyl Hydroxylase
Ethanol Metabolism
- Alcohol: short vs long term effects and moderate vs excessive doses
Hormones
- Calcitonin
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
  - Adrenergic Receptors
- GHRH
- Galanin
- Gastrointestinal Hormones
  - Cholecystokinin
  - Gastrin
- Glucagon
- Hormones acting through Nuclear Receptors
- Hypothalamic Hormones
  - CRH family
  - The control of endocannabinoids on GnRH release
- Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis)
- IGF system
- Incretins (GP)
- Insulin
- Insulin Superfamily
  - Relaxins
- Parathormone
  - PTH (serum)
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein a
- Pituitary Hormones
- Somatostatin
Inflammation
- Acute Phase Proteins
- Inflammasomes
- Propionic Acid
Inorganic Ions Metabolism
- Calcium
  - Calcium Metabolism
  - Ipocalcemia
- Chloride
- Copper
  - Ceruloplasmin 2
  - Copper IT
- Iodine
- Iron Metabolism
- Magnesium
- Manganese
  - Mn Neurotoxicity: Manganism
- Molybdenum
- Phosphate
- Potassium
- Potassium 2
- Selenium
- Sodium
- Zinc
  - Metallothionein
  - Zinc metabolism
Lipids Metabolism
- Fatty Acid Desaturases
- Fatty Acid Synthesis
  - Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)
- Fatty Acids Transport
  - Fatty Acid Activation (Cytoplasm)
  - Fatty Acid Transport into the Mitochondria
- Ketosis
- Lipids Transport
- Mevalonate Pathway
- PUFA metabolism
- Phospholipids
- Sphingolipids
- Triglycerides Synthesis
- beta - Oxidation
  - FAODs: the interrupted pathways of β-oxidation
Membrane Transport
- Active Transports
  - ABC transporters
  - Solute Carrier (SLC) Transporter
    - SLC Family 4: Bicarbonate Transporter
    - SLC Family 5: Glucose Transporter
- Nucleus-Cytosol Transport
- Passive Transport
  - Calcium Channels
  - Sodium channels
    - SCN2A
Metabolism
- Metabolomics
  - Metabolomics Centers
- Origin and evolution of metabolic pathways
Nucleic Acids Metabolism
- DNA Breaks and Repair
  - Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase (ATM)
- DNA Expansions
- DNA Methylation and Demethylation
  - Methylated-DNA-protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT)
- DNA Transcription
  - RNA Polymerase
    - RNA Polymerase II
- DNA synthesis
- Epigenetics
  - Genomic Imprinting
    - Examples of human genome imprinting
- Genes Expression
  - Gene expression profile and signature generation-Concept of signature
  - Genetic Variability
    - Copy Number Variation (CNV)
- HMG Proteins (High-Mobility Group)
  - HMGB Family
- Histones
  - Histone Acetyltransferases
  - Histone Deacetylases
- Nucleotides metabolism
- Purines and Pyrimidines Breakdown
  - Roles of the enzyme xanthine oxidase and its products.
- Purines and Pyrimidines Synthesis
- Telomere
- Viral RNA
- mRNA Alternative Splicing
- mRNA processing
- microRNAs
Nutrients
- Diet
- Fats
  - Cholesterol Absorption
  - PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids)
- Micronutrients
  - Minerals
  - Vitamins
- Miscellaneous dietary supplements
- Regulation of Food Intake
  - When Food Becomes A Drug
Proteins Metabolism
- Proteins Post-translational Modifications
- a. Protein synthesis
- b. Protein Degradation
- c. Protein Recycling
Respiration
- Blood Flow - Hemoreology
- CO2 Production and Transport
- Oxygen Sensors
- Oxygen transport
  - Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
- Respiratory Chain
Serum Proteins
- Apolipoprotein E
- Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease
- Plasma Contact System
Sex Differences
- Life Expectancy
- Sex Differences (hormonal)
Signaling Pathways
- Activation by Proteolysis
  - Cytoplasmic Proteolysis
  - Intramembrane Proteolysis
  - Kininogens
    - Kinin–Kallikrein System
      - Bradykinin
  - Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Calcium Signaling
  - Nitric Oxide
- Chemokines
  - Chemokines receptors
- Cytokines
  - BAFF/APRIL system
  - Erythropoietin
  - Interferons (IFNs)
    - Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)
  - Interleukins
  - Prokineticin
  - TNF Family
    - B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF)
    - TNF alpha
      - TNF alpha Inhibitors
  - TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin)
  - Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)
    - TGFα
    - TGFβ
- Cytokinins
- G-Proteins
  - GPR68
- Gasotransmitters
  - Carbon Monoxide (CO) as vasodilator
  - Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
- Growth Factors
  - Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
    - CADPS2
  - Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)
  - EGF Family
  - Neurotrophins
    - Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
- Heme Dependent Signaling
- Histamine
  - Brain Histaminergic System
  - Histamine signalling evolution
- Hypothalamic Phospholipids
- Lipids Signaling
  - Ceramide
    - Sphingomyelinases
  - DAG (Diacylglycerol)
  - DHA
  - Eicosanoids
  - Endocannabinoid system: key regulatory enzymes and physio-pathological implications
  - Endocannabinoids
  - Endogenous Cannabinoids
  - Free Fatty Acids
  - Omega 3 derivatives
  - Omega 6 derivatives
  - PI3 Kinase (PI3K)
  - Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)
  - Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) Second Messenger Systems
  - Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)
  - Phospholipases
    - PLA2G6
    - Phospholipases A2 (PLA2)
  - Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)
  - Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and its Receptor
- Membrane Potential and Ions Asimmetry
- Membrane Receptors
  - CD57
  - Frizzled (ligand Wnt)
    - Wnt
  - Hedgehog
  - Olfactory and Taste Receptors
- Metabolic Markers
  - Adiponectin
  - Butyrate
  - Energy Sensing
  - Ghrelin
  - Leptin
  - Resistin bk
- Microvesicles as Signal Mediators
- Neurotransmitters
  - Acetylcholine
    - Acetylcholine Receptors
  - Catecholamines
    - COMT (Catechol-O-methyltransferase)
  - Dopamine
    - Dopamine Receptors
  - Glutamate and Aspartate
  - Glycine as neurotransmitter
  - Neuropeptide Y
  - Serotonin and Melatonin
    - Melatonin
      - Melatonin: a modular molecule
        
        Melatonin as a drug
    - Serotonin
      - Serotonin Receptors (5-HT receptors)
        
        5HT3 RECEPTOR
  - VGLUTs
  - d-Serine
- Nucleotides and their Derivatives
  - Adenosine
    - CD73
      - Calcification of joints and arteries ( CALJA - NT5E mutation)
  - Adenosine Receptors
  - Regulatory GTPases
  - cAMP
    - Extracellular cAMP
  - cGMP
- Opioids
  - Endogenous Opioids
  - Opioid Receptors
- Protein Phosphorylation
  - AGC Protein Kinases
  - AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)
  - Akt/PKB
  - Protein Phosphatases
    - Protein serine/threonine phosphatase
  - RTKs - Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
  - STKs - Serine/Threonine Kinases
    - STK11
  - nRTKs - non Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
    - Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk)
- Redox Signaling
  - Endogenous Antioxidants
    - Glutathione (GSH)
  - Oxygen Sensing
    - Hypoxia Induced Genes
  - ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)
    - NADPH-oxidases
    - THE FENTON REACTION: pro-oxydant role of vitamin C
- Sigma Receptors
- Signal Peptides
  - Kisspeptin
  - Natriuretic Peptides
  - Renin Angiotensin System
    - Apelin
- Transcription Factors
  - SREBP (Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein)
  - AHR/ARNT
  - CAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (or C/EBPs)
    - prova
  - CREBH
  - Forkhead Transcription Factors (Fox)
    - Foxp
  - HIF
    - EPAS1
    - Estrogen-Related Receptor (ERR)
    - HIF Pharmacological Regulation
    - Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (nur77)
  - HOX proteins
  - Heat-Shock Factor (HSF)
  - Hedgehog and stem cells
  - Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1 (HNF1b, HNF1a)
  - IFI16
  - Interferons
  - JAK/STAT pathway
    - STAT
    - STAT3
  - JNK
    - JNK: AXONOGENESIS vs DENDRITOGENESIS
  - MITF (Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor )
  - MN1
  - NFAT: THE NUCLEAR FACTOR OF ACTIVATED T CELLS
  - NFkB
    - IKK
  - Notch
  - Nrf2-ARE pathway
  - PAX8 - paired box 8
  - REST/NRSF
  - RUNX family
    - RUNX2
  - RXR and its Brothers
    - AR (Androgen Receptors)
    - CAR PXR
    - Competition for RXR
    - ER (Estrogen Receptors)
    - GR (Glucocorticoid Receptor)
    - LXR FXR
    - Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 25 (MED25)
    - PPAR
    - RAR (Retinoic Acid Receptor)
    - RXR (Retinoid X Receptor)
    - TR (Thyroid Hormone Receptors)
    - VDR (Vitamin D Receptor)
  - Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK-MAPK pathway
    - RAF
    - RAS
  - SMAD
    - SMAD6/SMAD7
  - SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)
  - TFEB
  - c-Myc
  - c-kit
  - mTOR
  - p53
    - APR-246
    - PUMA
  - pRB
- VEGF
  - Neuropilin 1
Thermogenesis
- Hibernation Protein
Water Metabolism
- Disorders of water balance
- Thirst
  - Thirst and memory
- Water Loss
- Water Production
- Water Transport
  - Aquaporins